Diagnosis is by examination or ultrasonography. read more, abnormal fetal heart rate pattern, shoulder dystocia Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation) Abnormal fetal lie or presentation may occur due to fetal size, fetal anomalies, uterine structural abnormalities, multiple gestation, or other factors. Other complications include abruptio placentae Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae) Placental abruption (abruptio placentae) is premature separation of the placenta from the uterus, usually after 20 weeks gestation. read more (eg, laceration, postpartum hemorrhage Postpartum Hemorrhage Postpartum hemorrhage is blood loss of > 1000 mL or blood loss accompanied by symptoms or signs of hypovolemia within 24 hours after childbirth. In pregnancy, intrapartum complications may be caused by known risk factors that precede. About 30% of hospital deliveries involve an obstetric complication Introduction to Intrapartum Complications Abnormalities and complications of labor and delivery should be diagnosed and managed as early as possible. Most women prefer hospital delivery, and most health care practitioners recommend it because unexpected maternal and fetal complications may occur during labor and delivery or postpartum, even in women without risk factors. Also, the amniotic sac often ruptures at this point if it hasn’t already. Contractions are very intense, lasting between 60 to 90 seconds each, with only 30 seconds to 2 minutes of rest in between - so sometimes they even overlap a bit, with one contraction beginning before the previous one is done. This marks the beginning of the active phase of labor, during which the cervix dilates from 6 to 10 centimeters and effaces to 100%. At first, there are irregular contractions that occur every 5 - 30 minutes and last about 30 seconds each, causing the cervix to dilate from 0 cm to about 3 cm and efface from about 0% - 30%.Then, regular contractions follow - they happen every 3 - 5 minutes and last about a minute or more, and this causes the cervix to dilate from 3 cm to about 6 cm and efface to about 80%. The first phase is the early phase or latent phase, and usually lasts up to 20 hours, or until the cervix dilates to 6 centimeters. Additionally, this first stage is subdivided into two phases. In such cases, digital vaginal examination is contraindicated, and ultrasonography is done as soon as possible to determine the location of the placenta and rule out abruptio placentae.Įven though labor is a continuous process, it can be broken down into three stages. However, if ultrasonography has not ruled out placenta previa and vaginal bleeding occurs, placenta previa is assumed to be present until it is ruled out. It typically manifests as painless vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks gestation the source of bleeding. In most pregnant women, previous routine ultrasonography has been done and ruled out placenta previa Placenta Previa Placenta previa is implantation of the placenta over or near the internal os of the cervix. read more (premature separation) is absent. read more because the amount is small, bloody show is typically mixed with mucus, and the pain due to abruptio placentae Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae) Placental abruption (abruptio placentae) is premature separation of the placenta from the uterus, usually after 20 weeks gestation. It should be evaluated promptly, because it may be associated with complications that. Bloody show can be differentiated from abnormal 3rd-trimester vaginal bleeding Vaginal Bleeding During Late Pregnancy Bleeding during late pregnancy (≥ 20 weeks gestation, but before birth) occurs in 3 to 4% of pregnancies.
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